On-site geochemical analysis:
Exploration:The lightweight portable nature of the S1 TITAN allows it to be used in the field to survey locations of potential mines directly, as well as measuring drill cores to determine the depth profiles of the deposits.
Mine analysis:Once a mine site has been discovered the S1 TITAN provides the ability to quickly analyze the deposit.
Mine control:Once the mine has been mapped and production has begun, the S1 TITAN can provide detailed information on the levels of ore in each truck load to allow better control of the flow of ore to the processing plant.
Process and concentrate analysis:During ore processing the S1 TITAN can determine the concentrations of the sample.
Restoration and reclamation:At the end of mine operation the S1 TITAN can be used in analysis of tailings and help in restoration of the land.
Shale and Mudstone Core Analysis
Shale deposits are currently one of the most significant sources of energy. Shale-bound gas reserves are highly complex; and, variable deposits pose unique challenges for characterizing the host rock. Therefore, each basin is different and requires its own approach to pinpoint and extract the gas.
Shale and mudstone rock are not loose powders; they are highly compacted, layered, fine-grained sediments with low permeability. Laboratory quality data and reference material with similar density for chemostratigraphy are essential. Bruker scientists work with industry professionals to develop methods for data collection that help geoscientists understand and model shale gas deposits and optimize exploration and production. When data is analyzed as a function of sampling depth from core samples, variability in elemental concentrations through time can be seen and compared with models developed using data from similar deposits or prior drill sites of the same deposit.Working calibrations for major element chemostratigraphy are critical to define stratigraphic changes in mineralogy; whereas, calibrations for trace elemental chemostratigraphy are required to define depositional conditions.
Analyzing Geological Samples
Elemental distribution analysis on geological samples
Distribution of single elements calculated from the HyperMap at 200 ms/pixel acquisition time.
The analysis of geological samples with Micro-XRF offers a wide variety of information on structure and composition of a specimen. This includes the distribution of elements, the identification and analysis of single grains and the execution of line scans. The high count rate capability and the excellent detector performance of the M4 TORNADO permit reliable data collection within a very short measurement time. The TurboSpeed stage allows very fast mapping and a measurement "on the fly".
Even very short acquisition times in the low millisecond range can already deliver first impressions of a material's structure. Longer measurement times ensure better spatial resolution due to better statistics and an enhanced contrast between pixels. A longer measurement time also offers the possibility to examine traces.
Analysis of geological thin sections
Distribution of the main components in the thin sections. Each color represents an individual element.
Micro X-ray fluorescence (Micro-XRF) analysis uses direct excitation of the sample with focused X-rays. This allows the combination of micrometer-scaled spatial resolution of a polycapillary lens with the trace element sensitivity of XRF, where the detection limits for most elements are a few tens to hundreds of ppm. No additional sample preparation is required for Micro-XRF. The high speed of the data acquisition and evaluation allows scanning multiple thin sections in less than one hour.
The M4 TORNADO is used in petrology for a quick compositional pre-screening of thin sections and for the digitalization of thin sections before optical or electron microscope studies. Large scan areas of up to 170 x 140 mm² allow to analyze up to 18 thin sections in a single run. The M4 TORNADO software supports comprehensive data presentation and evaluation. The visualization of the chemical map and the selection of areas of interest enable advanced post processing of the HyperMap data as phase analysis for fast identification of elements and mineral phases, quantitative analysis and the finding of trace elements.
Rock Cores Analysis
The main fields of application are in Mining, Exploration, Oceanography, Limnology, Paleoclimatology, Geology, Sedimentology, Environmental Science, Dendrochronology, Dendrochemistry and Environmental Forensics.
The Itrax instruments can be used for scanning of mineral and bedrock drill cores, sediment cores, and wood radial cores. The scanning provides data on the bulk composition, as well as element content and distribution of most elements all the way down to the trace level.
Scanning of wet, split sediment cores apply to e.g. deep sea exploration, paleoclimatic reconstructions, and oceanography. Follow the Paleoclimatology link under Applications for more information about this.
Wood density is a field of application where density images are used to determine parameters like year ring width and maximum density in each year ring. Follow the Wood Examinations link for more information about wood applications.
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